# GHK-Cu

> Copper peptide researched for skin regeneration and collagen support.

Source: https://peptides.cafe/peptide/ghk-cu
Category: Skin · Regeneration
Tag: Skin · Anti-aging

## Mechanism
A naturally occurring tripeptide (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine) that forms a complex with copper(II) ions. Research indicates it modulates ~4,000 human genes, downregulating those associated with inflammation and tissue breakdown while upregulating genes tied to collagen synthesis, antioxidant defense, and stem cell activation.

## Research areas
- Collagen and elastin synthesis
- Wound healing
- Hair follicle stimulation
- Skin barrier and antioxidant capacity
- Anti-glycation in dermal fibroblasts

## Common research protocols
- Topical cosmetic research: Used at 1–3 mg/mL in serums in dermatological studies for fine-line and texture endpoints.
- Subcutaneous research: Investigational subcutaneous administration explored for systemic regenerative endpoints.

## Study summaries
- "GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration" — BioMed Research International (2015): Comprehensive review of GHK-Cu's gene modulation and tissue remodeling effects.
- "Resetting skin genome back to health" — Cosmetics & Toiletries (2013): Documented gene expression changes restoring older skin patterns toward youthful profiles.

## Considerations
- Topical formulations have decades of cosmetic safety data; injectable use is less studied.
- Copper sensitivity is rare but possible.
- Compounded injectable GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved.

## Disclaimer
Educational content only. Not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Most research peptides are not FDA-approved for human therapeutic use. Consult a licensed clinician before any use.